Klinično sliko spinalne mišične atrofije (SMA) ocenjujemo glede na resnost in čas pojava simptomov, pri čemer so mišična hipotonija, mišična oslabelost in atrofija najpogostejši simptomi1,3:
To bolezen pogosto razvrščamo v dve kategoriji: SMA s pojavom v dojenčkovi dobi (skladno s tipom I) in SMA s poznim začetkom (skladno s tipi II, III in IV). Od tipa bolezni so odvisni znaki in simptomi in tudi, kdaj se ti pojavijo. Trenutno ima približno 60 % bolnikov, ki so rojeni s SMA, najhujši fenotip bolezni, tip I.2–7
Simptomi so podobni simptomom pri SMA Tip III, s postopnim pojavom šibkosti, tresenja in mišičnih krčev, ki so jih bolniki prvič opazili v pozni mladosti ali odrasli dobi.
Za naraven potek SMA sta značilni progresivna mišična atrofija in izguba gibalnih sposobnosti, zaradi ocene naravnega poteka bolezni in odziva na zdravljenje pa je bilo razvitih več lestvic motoričnih funkcij.5,6,8,11–13
1. Prior TW, Russman BS. Spinal muscular atrophy. NCBI Bookshelf Web site. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1352/?report=printable. | 2. Wang CH, Finkel RS, Bertini ES, et al; and Participants of the International Conference on SMA Standard of Care. Consensus statement for standard of care in spinal muscular atrophy. J Child Neurol. 2007;22(8):1027-1049. | 3. MedicinePlus. Medical Encyclopedia. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html. | 4. Markowitz JA, Singh P, Darras BT. Spinal muscular atrophy: a clinical and research update. Pediatr Neurol. 2012;46(1):1-12. | 5. Darras BT, Royden Jones H Jr, Ryan MM, De Vivo DC, eds. Neuromuscular Disorders of Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence: A Clinician’s Approach. 2nd ed. London, UK: Elsevier; 2015. | 6. Lunn MR, Wang CH. Spinal muscular atrophy. Lancet. 2008;371(9630):2120-2133. | 7. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. Spinal muscular atrophy, Type III; SMA3. http://www.omim.org/entry/253400. | 8. Genetics Home Reference. SMN1. https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/SMN1. Published April 20, 2016. | 9. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, type VA; HMN5A. http://www.omim.org/entry/600794. Edited January 2, 2014. | 10. Irobi J, Dierick I, Jordanova A, Claeys KG, De Jonghe P, Timmerman V. Unraveling the genetics of distal hereditary motor neuropathies. Neuromolecular Med. 2006;8(1-2):131-146. | 11. Glanzman AM, Mazzone E, Main M, et al. The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP INTEND): test development and reliability. Neuromuscul Disord. 2010;20(3):155-161. | 12. Romeo DM, Ricci D, Brogna C, Mercuri E. Use of the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination in infants with cerebral palsy: a critical review of the literature. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2016;58(3):240-245. | 13. Mercuri E, Finkel R, Montes J, et al. Patterns of disease progression in type 2 and 3 SMA: implications for clinical trials. Neuromuscul Disord. 2016;26(2):123-131. | 14. Spinal Muscular Atrophy Clinical Research Center. CHOP INTEND for SMA Type I score sheet. http://columbiasma.org/docs/cme-2010/CHOP INTEND for SMA Type I - Score Sheet.pdf. | 15. Arhivski podatki. Biogen Inc, Cambridge, MA. | 16. The Pediatric Neuromuscular Clinical Research Network for SMA. Expanded Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale for SMA (HFMSE). http://columbiasma.org/links.html.
Biogen-122894 I Junij 2022